Thermal insulators are materials that are designed to minimize the flow of heat through a structure or object. By limiting the transfer of heat, thermal insulators help to maintain a consistent temperature and improve energy efficiency in buildings, appliances, and industrial equipment. Common types of thermal insulation materials include fiberglass, foam, cellulose, and mineral wool. These materials are often used in walls, roofs, piping, and HVAC systems to reduce heat loss or gain and improve overall thermal comfort. Research in thermal insulators focuses on developing new materials and techniques to enhance their effectiveness, durability, and sustainability. This includes exploring innovative manufacturing processes, incorporating recycled or renewable materials, and improving insulation performance in extreme environments.